The World Health Organization (WHO) has released a sweeping new analysis of human genomics in clinical research, covering studies from 1990 to 2024.  

The report, Human genomics technologies in clinical studies – the research landscape, paired with an interactive dashboard, offers the most comprehensive view yet of how genomic technologies are being applied in clinical research—and exposes glaring gaps in equity and inclusion. 

The analysis shows explosive growth in genomics research, with more than 6,500 studies registered globally. The surge, especially after 2010, is driven by cheaper sequencing technologies and expanding clinical applications. Cancer and rare diseases dominate the field, reflecting the deep integration of genomics into these areas. 

Yet the report highlights striking imbalances. Over 80% of genomic clinical studies take place in high-income countries, while fewer than 5% are conducted in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), which often participate only as secondary sites due to limited research infrastructure. 

Demographic gaps are equally stark. Adults aged 18–64 dominate the studies at more than 75%, while children make up just 4.6% and older adults only 3.3%. Research on communicable diseases—a persistent global health threat—is severely underrepresented, accounting for just 3% of all studies. 

The WHO emphasizes the urgent need for more inclusive and geographically diverse research. Strengthening research capacity in underrepresented regions, expanding demographic inclusion, and aligning genomics with population health needs are critical to ensuring that genomic advances benefit people worldwide. 

“Genomic technologies have extraordinary potential to transform health, however the disparities reflected in the report, unless strategically addressed, could reinforce existing inequities and limit the benefits of genomic science for populations who could benefit most,” said Dr Meg Doherty, WHO Director of the Department of Science for Health. “WHO will support efforts to ensure that genomic research reflects the diversity of global populations and public health needs.” 

The report calls for coordinated global action, including increased investment in genomic infrastructure in underrepresented regions, stronger leadership by LMIC-based research institutions, greater inclusion of children and older adults, alignment of research with local disease burdens, and a commitment to ethical and socially responsible application of genomic tools.