India is grappling with one of the world’s largest diabetes burdens, yet awareness of practical daily management remains worryingly low. Regular self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) can empower individuals to see how diet, activity, and medication impact their sugar levels—but many Indians still miss this critical step, risking long-term complications and increased insulin dependence.

According to the ICMR-INDIAB study, 11.4% of adults in India have type 2 diabetes, while a staggering 15.3% are pre-diabetic—nearly one in four adults experiencing blood sugar dysfunction. Experts warn that pre-diabetes, marked by elevated glucose levels, represents a crucial window for intervention. The study also links high intake of refined carbohydrates to increased diabetes risk, underscoring the impact of daily lifestyle choices on long-term health. 

“India has one of the highest rates of diabetes globally, driven by unhealthy lifestyles and rising obesity,” says Dr. Manoj Chawla, Consultant Diabetologist at S L Raheja Hospital, Mahim. “Effective diabetes care goes beyond medication. It requires monitoring, a balanced diet, exercise, and adherence to medical advice. The principle of 3M—Monitor, Measure, Manage—is key. With consistent effort and early action, diabetes can be controlled, improving quality of life.”

New evidence supports this approach. A multicenter Indian study found that combining mobile health apps with connected glucose monitors significantly improved blood sugar management. Average HbA1c levels fell from 8.8% to 7.5%, with insulin users showing the largest gains. Participants reported fewer glucose fluctuations and high satisfaction with digital self-management tools. 

Yet, many patients remain unaware of SMBG’s importance. Only 37.2% of people with diabetes regularly check their blood glucose at home, and just a third demonstrate good knowledge of self-monitoring practices. Experts stress that patient education and access to monitoring tools are essential for effective diabetes care. 

Regular monitoring is more than a number—it provides actionable insights that guide diet, activity, and medication adjustments. When patients and healthcare professionals have this information, personalized care becomes possible, reducing risks of both hypo- and hyperglycemia, and helping millions manage diabetes before complications take hold. 

With nearly 136 million pre-diabetics in India, the message is clear: awareness, monitoring, and early action are the frontlines in the fight against the country’s diabetes epidemic.